Microsilica
Microsilica (Silica Fume)
Microsilica (Silica Fume) is a gray, amorphous powder with pozzolanic properties that reduces permeability and increases the strength of concrete. By using this material, the amount of cement in concrete mixes can be significantly reduced.
Microsilica powder is used to enhance the waterproofing and durability of concrete structures, particularly in coastal, aquatic environments, and in concrete exposed to severe sulfate attacks and reinforcement corrosion. The use of microsilica in concrete near coastal areas has recently gained attention from engineers. Due to its notable pozzolanic properties, the use of microsilica to improve mechanical properties and increase concrete durability is on the rise in advanced countries.
Microsilica is a by-product of electric arc furnaces during the production of ferrosilicon alloys. With over 90% non-crystalline silicon and particles as fine as 0.1 micrometers in average diameter, it is highly pozzolanic and suitable for use as a cementitious material in concrete. It conforms to ASTM C1240 standards.
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Microsilica Analysis:
Benefits:
Adding microsilica to the concrete mix reacts its active SiO2 with the free calcium hydroxide solution present in the concrete’s capillary pores to form alpha-dicalcium silicate crystals. This densifies the cement paste, reduces permeability, and increases compressive, electrical, flexural, and tensile strength of concrete. It enhances resistance to erosion, decreases permeability, prevents chloride ion intrusion, sulfate, and other destructive chemicals from penetrating the concrete.
Applications:
Concrete construction in coastal areas, docks, and bridges
High-strength concrete
Concrete for dams, channels, tunnels, reservoirs, and water storage
Flooring and façade applications
Concrete exposed to corrosion
Properties and Effects of Microsilica in Concrete:
Increases compressive, tensile, and flexural strength
Enhances electrical properties
Prevents reinforcement corrosion
Increases resistance to erosion
Reduces cement consumption
Decreases potential for alkali-silica reactions in aggregates
Protects concrete from chemical attacks
Increases durability and longevity
Improves workability and ease of application
Enhances cohesion and reduces permeability
Increases mass density
Prevents the occurrence of cancerous phenomena in concrete
Dosage: Microsilica can be added at a rate of 5 to 10% of the cement weight (replacing an equivalent amount of cement). Since microsilica has water-reducing properties, it should always be used with a superplasticizer. Otherwise, it may cause cracking, reduce workability, and affect the compaction of concrete.
Packaging: Microsilica from A.K.M Silica is available in:
1000 kg (jumbo bags)
700 kg (jumbo bags)
25 kg bags
General Overview of Microsilica: Microsilica is a by-product of electric arc furnaces in silicon metal and ferrosilicon alloy industries. Quartz reduction to silicon at 2000°C produces SiO2 vapors. These vapors condense into very fine spherical particles of non-crystalline (amorphous) silicon dioxide. Microsilica is collected through bag filters, and its particle size distribution is compared to that of ordinary Portland cement and fly ash. The distribution shows that 20% of microsilica particles are less than 0.05 micrometers, 70% are less than 0.10 micrometers, 95% are less than 0.20 micrometers, and 99% are less than 0.50 micrometers. Most particles are under 100 nanometers, making them nano-sized. The chemical composition of microsilica shows silicon as the dominant element (92%). It has a specific surface area of 20 m²/g and an average bulk density of 586 kg/m³.
In Canada – SSA A23.5: In Canada, silica fume is regulated by CSA A23.5 for supplementary cementitious materials. This standard covers the use of silica fume as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete, mortar, and plaster. It specifies the chemical and physical properties of microsilica and sets limits on impurities such as chlorides and sulfates.
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| Property | Portland cement | Siliceous[b] fly ash | Calcareous[c] fly ash | Slag cement | Silica fume | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion by mass (%) | SiO2 | 21.9 | 52 | 35 | 35 | 85–97 |
| Al2O3 | 6.9 | 23 | 18 | 12 | — | |
| Fe2O3 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 1 | — | |
| CaO | 63 | 5 | 21 | 40 | < 1 | |
| MgO | 2.5 | — | — | — | — | |
| SO3 | 1.7 | — | — | — | — | |
| Specific surface (m2/kg)[d] | 370 | 420 | 420 | 400 | 15,000 – 30,000 | |
| Specific gravity | 3.15 | 2.38 | 2.65 | 2.94 | 2.22 | |
| General purpose | Primary binder | Cement replacement | Cement replacement | Cement replacement | Property enhancer | |
| ||||||
Components of cement:
Comparison of chemical and physical characteristics
| Property | Portland cement | Siliceous[b] fly ash | Calcareous[c] fly ash | Slag cement | Silica fume | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion by mass (%) | SiO2 | 21.9 | 52 | 35 | 35 | 85–97 |
| Al2O3 | 6.9 | 23 | 18 | 12 | — | |
| Fe2O3 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 1 | — | |
| CaO | 63 | 5 | 21 | 40 | < 1 | |
| MgO | 2.5 | — | — | — | — | |
| SO3 | 1.7 | — | — | — | — | |
| Specific surface (m2/kg)[d] | 370 | 420 | 420 | 400 | 15,000 – 30,000 | |
| Specific gravity | 3.15 | 2.38 | 2.65 | 2.94 | 2.22 | |
| General purpose | Primary binder | Cement replacement | Cement replacement | Cement replacement | Property enhancer | |
| ||||||
NANO COP
BIO POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Copper is an element known for its protective effect from the past to the present. It is also a necessary nutrient for the plant. The appropriate mixture of chitosan and copper provides a great advantage in increasing plant resistance and protection from all kinds of diseases. ADAGA NANOCOP can be used safely in all conditions. It is
non-toxic, safe. It does not leave any residue.
Note: The effectiveness of the product is when the pH level of the dilution water is 6.
USAGE |
|
Dipping before planting |
Planting is done by immersing in 300cc/100L aqueous solution. |
From Drip Irrigation |
2 L /acre |
Foliar application |
250cc/100L |
Guaranteed content | % W/W |
Water Soluble Copper | 4 |
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